متکلمین اشاعرہ اور ماتریدیہ کی تصنیفی خدمات کا جائزہ

Abstract

 There are two types of religious sciences, one is related to action, which is called the science of jurisprudence and the science of branches, and the other is related to belief, which is called the science of theology and the science of principles. The science of theology is also called the science of belief and the science of monotheism and attributes. In the science of jurisprudence, acts of worship, transactions, disputes and crimes, etc., all matters related to action come under the science of faith and belief, and in the science of beliefs and the science of theology, those matters that are related to faith and belief are discussed, such as the existence of Allah Almighty, His oneness and other attributes, the existence of angels, revelation, prophethood, destiny, gathering and spreading, heaven and hell, etc. During the era of the Prophet and the era of the Companions, the science of theology was not codified as an art, because due to the blessings of the company of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), the Companions were firm in their beliefs, and there were few differences in religion, which made it necessary to explain the beliefs with the details that are required in codification. But after the era of the Companions, when differences arose in the principles of religion, and separate sects began to emerge, there was a need to organize and compile the principles of religion, so that the details of negation and affirmation of religion could be established on a solid foundation, and detailed answers could be given to the doubts raised regarding religious matters. The science of theology and the science of faith, which deals with detailed arguments, are called the science of theology and the science of faith. The reason for giving it the name science of theology is either that the most important and controversial discussion of this art is related to the attribute of speech of Allah Almighty, or that after acquiring this art, one gains the power to research the Sharia and to speak on the refutations of the deniers.